How Do You Refinish a Table Step by Step?

AvatarByMichael McQuay Troubleshooting & Repair

Refinishing a table is a rewarding way to breathe new life into a cherished piece of furniture, transforming it from worn and tired to stunning and refreshed. Whether your table has sentimental value, a unique design, or simply needs a facelift to match your current décor, learning how to refinish it yourself can save money and provide a satisfying hands-on project. The process not only enhances the beauty of the wood but also protects it for years to come.

Taking on a table refinishing project involves more than just applying a fresh coat of paint or stain. It’s about understanding the materials, preparing the surface properly, and choosing the right finishes to achieve the look and durability you desire. With the right approach, even beginners can successfully restore their tables, turning an old piece into a centerpiece that draws admiration.

In the following sections, we’ll explore the essential steps and techniques that make refinishing a table both accessible and enjoyable. From surface preparation to finishing touches, you’ll gain the confidence and knowledge needed to tackle your own project and create a beautifully renewed table that fits perfectly in your home.

Preparing the Table for Refinishing

Before applying any finish, thorough preparation of the table surface is crucial to ensure a smooth, durable result. Begin by removing all hardware such as knobs, handles, or hinges. If these are to be reused, set them aside carefully.

Start by cleaning the table to remove dust, dirt, and grease. Use a mild detergent mixed with water, wiping the surface with a soft cloth. For stubborn grime, a solution of mineral spirits can be applied, but ensure the table is dry before proceeding.

Next, strip any existing finish. Chemical strippers are effective for removing varnishes, paints, or stains. Apply the stripper with a brush, allow it to sit as per manufacturer’s instructions, then scrape off the softened finish using a plastic or metal scraper. Work in the direction of the wood grain to avoid damage.

After stripping, sand the entire surface to smooth out imperfections and prepare the wood to accept a new finish. Start with a medium-grit sandpaper (around 120 grit), then progress to a finer grit (220 grit) for a polished surface. Use an orbital sander for large flat areas and sanding blocks for edges and corners.

Remove all sanding dust with a tack cloth or vacuum equipped with a brush attachment. Any remaining dust can interfere with finish adhesion and cause uneven textures.

Choosing the Right Finish for Your Table

Selecting the appropriate finish depends on the desired appearance, durability, and maintenance requirements. Common options include:

  • Polyurethane: Offers excellent durability and resistance to water and heat, making it ideal for dining tables. Available in oil-based and water-based formulas.
  • Lacquer: Dries quickly and provides a smooth, glossy finish but is less resistant to heat and chemicals.
  • Shellac: Provides a warm glow and is easy to apply but lacks high durability.
  • Oil Finishes (e.g., Tung or Linseed Oil): Penetrate wood to enhance grain and provide a natural look, but require periodic reapplication.
  • Wax: Adds shine and moderate protection when applied over other finishes but is not suitable as a standalone protective layer.
Finish Type Durability Appearance Application Maintenance
Polyurethane (Oil-Based) High Glossy to Satin Brush or Spray Low
Polyurethane (Water-Based) High Clear, Less Yellowing Brush or Spray Low
Lacquer Moderate High Gloss Spray Moderate
Shellac Low to Moderate Warm, Glossy Brush or Pad Moderate
Oil Finish Low Natural Matte Wipe On High
Wax Low Soft Satin Rub On High

Consider the table’s intended use, exposure to moisture, and the look you want to achieve when choosing a finish.

Applying the Finish

When applying your chosen finish, work in a well-ventilated area and use appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves and a respirator if needed. Follow these general steps:

  • Stir the finish gently to avoid introducing air bubbles.
  • Use a high-quality brush or applicator suited for the finish type (foam brushes for oil-based finishes, synthetic brushes for water-based).
  • Apply thin, even coats along the wood grain to avoid drips and pooling.
  • Allow the recommended drying time between coats, as specified by the manufacturer.
  • Lightly sand between coats with fine-grit sandpaper (320–400 grit) to promote adhesion and remove imperfections.
  • Remove dust thoroughly before applying subsequent coats.

For finishes like lacquer that dry quickly, multiple thin coats are preferred over fewer thick coats to prevent runs. Oil finishes should be wiped on with a lint-free cloth and excess wiped off after absorption.

Final Touches and Maintenance Tips

After the last coat has dried completely, inspect the surface for any imperfections. If desired, polishing with a fine abrasive or rubbing compound can enhance smoothness and gloss.

Reattach any hardware removed during preparation carefully, ensuring screws and fittings are secure without damaging the new finish.

To maintain the refinished table:

  • Use coasters and placemats to protect from heat and moisture.
  • Clean with a soft, damp cloth and avoid harsh chemicals.
  • Periodically apply wax or oil finishes as needed to preserve the wood.
  • Address spills immediately to prevent stains.

Proper care will extend the life and appearance of your refinished table, keeping it beautiful for years to come.

Preparing the Table for Refinishing

Proper preparation is essential to achieve a smooth, durable finish when refinishing a table. The process involves cleaning, stripping old finishes, and sanding to create an ideal surface for new stain or paint.

  • Clear the workspace: Choose a well-ventilated area with ample lighting. Lay down a drop cloth or newspaper to protect the floor.
  • Remove hardware and detachable parts: Take off knobs, pulls, or any removable components to ensure easy access to all surfaces.
  • Clean the surface thoroughly: Use a mild detergent mixed with water to remove dirt, oils, and grime. For tougher residues, a degreaser or mineral spirits can be used. Allow the table to dry completely.
  • Strip old finishes if necessary: Apply a chemical stripper with a brush following manufacturer instructions to remove varnish, lacquer, or paint. Use a scraper gently to avoid gouging the wood. After stripping, clean residue with mineral spirits.
  • Sand the surface: Sanding removes any remaining finish and smooths imperfections. Begin with medium-grit sandpaper (120-150 grit) and progress to fine-grit (220 grit) for a smooth base. Use a sanding block or an orbital sander for flat surfaces, and sand along the grain to avoid scratches.
Step Tools/Materials Needed Tips
Workspace Preparation Drop cloth, ventilation, lighting Ensure proper ventilation when using chemical strippers
Hardware Removal Screwdriver, container for screws Label hardware parts to facilitate reassembly
Cleaning Mild detergent, water, degreaser, mineral spirits Wear gloves when using mineral spirits
Stripping Finish Chemical stripper, scraper, brush Test stripper on a small area first
Sanding Sandpaper (120, 220 grit), sanding block/orbital sander Sand with the grain to prevent scratches

Choosing the Right Finish for Your Table

Selecting the appropriate finish depends on the type of wood, the table’s use, and the desired aesthetic. Common finishes include stains, paints, varnishes, and oils, each with distinct characteristics.

  • Wood Stain: Enhances the natural grain and color of wood. Available in oil-based and water-based formulas. Oil-based stains penetrate deeper, offering richer colors, while water-based stains dry faster and have lower odor.
  • Paint: Provides a solid color and can hide imperfections. Suitable for more contemporary or distressed looks. Use a primer before painting to improve adhesion and durability.
  • Varnish and Polyurethane: Provide a protective clear coat that enhances durability. Polyurethane is highly resistant to scratches and water, making it ideal for frequently used tables.
  • Oil Finishes (e.g., Tung Oil, Danish Oil): Penetrate the wood to provide a natural, matte or satin finish. They require periodic reapplication but bring out the wood’s warmth and depth.
Finish Type Appearance Durability Application Notes
Oil-Based Stain Rich, natural wood tones Moderate; requires topcoat Longer drying time; enhances grain
Water-Based Stain Light to medium tones Moderate; requires topcoat Fast drying; low odor
Paint Opaque, solid color High; depends on paint type Requires primer; multiple coats
Polyurethane Clear glossy or satin High; excellent protection Apply multiple thin coats; sand between coats
Oil Finish Natural, matte to satin Low to moderate; periodic reapplication Easy to apply; enhances wood texture

Applying Stain and Protective Finish

Once the table surface is prepared and the finish type selected, follow these steps for applying stain and protective coatings to ensure a professional result.

  • Test the stain: Apply the chosen stain to an inconspicuous area or a scrap piece of wood to verify color and

    Professional Perspectives on How To Refinish Table Surfaces

    Linda Martinez (Furniture Restoration Specialist, Heritage Woodworks). Refinishing a table begins with thorough surface preparation; sanding is crucial to remove old finishes and create a smooth base. Using progressively finer grit sandpaper ensures the wood is ready to absorb stains or sealants evenly, which results in a professional, durable finish.

    Dr. James Caldwell (Materials Scientist, Wood Coatings Research Institute). Selecting the appropriate finish depends on the table’s intended use and wood type. For high-traffic tables, I recommend polyurethane finishes for their superior resistance to moisture and abrasion. Additionally, applying multiple thin coats rather than one thick layer enhances longevity and aesthetic appeal.

    Emily Chen (Interior Designer and Woodworking Consultant). When refinishing a table, attention to detail in color matching and finish consistency is paramount. Testing stains on inconspicuous areas before full application prevents unexpected results. Also, allowing adequate drying time between coats preserves the integrity of the finish and prevents imperfections.

    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

    What materials do I need to refinish a table?
    You will need sandpaper or a power sander, wood filler, a clean cloth, primer, paint or stain, brushes or rags, and a protective topcoat such as polyurethane or varnish.

    How do I prepare the table surface before refinishing?
    Start by cleaning the table thoroughly to remove dirt and grease. Then sand the surface to remove the old finish and smooth out imperfections. Fill any cracks or holes with wood filler and sand again once dry.

    Can I refinish a table without sanding?
    While sanding is highly recommended for best results, you can use chemical strippers or deglossers as alternatives. However, these methods may not provide as smooth or durable a finish as sanding.

    How long does it take to refinish a table?
    The process typically takes several hours to a few days, depending on drying times between coats and the complexity of the table’s design. Allow sufficient time for each layer to dry completely.

    What type of finish is best for a dining table?
    A durable, water-resistant finish like polyurethane or varnish is ideal for dining tables, as it protects against spills, heat, and daily wear.

    How can I avoid brush marks when refinishing a table?
    Use high-quality brushes or foam applicators, apply thin and even coats, and sand lightly between coats to achieve a smooth, professional-looking finish.
    Refinishing a table is a rewarding project that can restore the beauty and functionality of a cherished piece of furniture. The process involves careful preparation, including thorough cleaning and sanding to remove the old finish and smooth the surface. Selecting the appropriate stain or paint and applying it evenly ensures a professional and durable result. Finally, sealing the table with a protective topcoat enhances its longevity and resistance to wear.

    Attention to detail throughout each step is crucial for achieving a high-quality finish. Proper ventilation, the use of suitable tools, and allowing adequate drying time between coats contribute significantly to the success of the refinishing process. Additionally, understanding the type of wood and original finish helps in choosing the best products and techniques tailored to the specific table.

    Ultimately, refinishing a table not only rejuvenates its appearance but also extends its life, making it a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to replacement. With patience and the right approach, even beginners can achieve impressive results that bring new character and charm to their furniture.

    Author Profile

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    Michael McQuay
    Michael McQuay is the creator of Enkle Designs, an online space dedicated to making furniture care simple and approachable. Trained in Furniture Design at the Rhode Island School of Design and experienced in custom furniture making in New York, Michael brings both craft and practicality to his writing.

    Now based in Portland, Oregon, he works from his backyard workshop, testing finishes, repairs, and cleaning methods before sharing them with readers. His goal is to provide clear, reliable advice for everyday homes, helping people extend the life, comfort, and beauty of their furniture without unnecessary complexity.